More Engagement, Better Learning? Investigating the Relationship Between Engagement and Persian Vocabulary Learning in Online Blended Environments

Articles in Press

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. candidate in Teaching Persian to Speakers of Other Languages, Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Persian Literature and Foreign Languages , Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Professor of Linguistics, Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Persian Literature and Foreign Languages, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

This study was conducted to examine the relationship between Persian learners’ engagement and their learning of Persian vocabulary in use within blended online environments and to compare the effectiveness of three blended learning models: flipped classroom, station rotation, and enriched virtual. The research was applied in nature and employed a quasi-experimental pretest–posttest design with independent groups. The statistical population consisted of 45 beginner-level Persian learners at the Hayat al-Nufous Institute (Iraqi nationality), who were selected through purposive convenience sampling and equally divided into three instructional groups. The data collection instruments included a Persian vocabulary in use test (pretest and posttest), the standardized Online Student Engagement Scale (Dixson, 2015), and performance data from the Google Classroom learning management system. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey’s post-hoc test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and effect-size calculation. The findings showed that all three models led to progress in vocabulary learning; however, the station rotation group achieved the highest mean posttest score (M = 21.80) and the highest level of engagement (M = 71.8). Furthermore, a significant positive correlation between engagement and vocabulary learning was observed only in the station rotation model. Overall, the results indicate that a phase-based, interactive, and feedback-oriented design in the station rotation model can play an effective role in enhancing engagement and improving learning in fully online environments.

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Main Subjects

Journal of Teaching Persian to Speakers of Other Languages

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 18 October 2025

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History

  • Receive Date: 26 August 2025
  • Revise Date: 12 October 2025
  • Accept Date: 12 October 2025

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