تبیین خاستگاه همگانی ‏های زبانی و کاربردهای آن در آموزش زبان فارسی به غیرفارسی ‏زبانان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشیار زبان‏شناسی کاربردی- دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی

چکیده

تفکر رایج در میان شمار چشمگیری از زبان‏شناسان و روان‏شناسان زبان این است که راه حل مسئله‏ی فراگیری زبان که مسئله‏ی فرافکنی یا مسئله‌ی افلاطونی نیز خوانده می‏شود، در دانش پیشین نهفته است. فرضیه‏ای که شالوده‏ی این تفکر را تشکیل می‏دهد این است که شکاف بین داده‏های موجود برای کودک (داده‏های اولیه) و نظام زبانی­ای (توانش زبانی) که در او ایجاد می‏شود، به قدری عظیم است که فراگیری زبان را می‏توان فقط بر اساس دانش زبانی پیشین تبیین کرد. فرضیه‏ی دیگری که شالوده‏ی این تفکر را تشکیل می‏دهد، این است که یگانه خاستگاه همگانی‏های زبانی، دانش فطری است. در این مقاله تلاش شده است تا این تفکر رایج از سه جنبه‏ی کثرت‏گرا به چالش طلبیده شود: 1) خصیصه‏های بنیادین دستور همگانی، 2) راه‏های دستیابی به دستور همگانی، و 3) خاستگاه‏های همگانی‏های زبانی. سپس پیامد‏های آموزشی این رویکرد کثرت‏گرا برای آموزش فارسی به غیر فارسی‏زبانان به تفصیل بررسی شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Explaining the Origins of Language Universals and Their Implications in Teaching Persian to Speakers of Other Languages

نویسنده [English]

  • Zia Tajeddin
چکیده [English]

The common belief among a great number of linguists and psycholinguists is that the solution to the problem of language acquisition, also called the projection problem or Plato’s problem, lies within the prior knowledge. One hypothesis that constitutes the foundation of this belief is that the gap between the child-exposed input (primary data) and the linguistic system (linguistic competence) is so vast that the first language acquisition can be explained only in terms of the prior knowledge. Another hypothesis that underpins this belief is that innate knowledge is the only source of language universals. This paper challenges this common belief from three perspectives: (a) the main features of universal grammar, (b) routes to universal grammar, and (c) the origins of language universals. In addition, it discusses this pluralistic perspective in teaching Persian to speakers of other languages.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Universal Grammar
  • Language Universals
  • Rationalism
  • semantics
  • Discourse
  • Pragmatics
 
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