مفهوم‌سازی فرهنگی بدن‌واژه ‌گوش در ضرب‌المثل‌ها و اصطلاحاتِ زبان فارسی و زبان روسی

According to linguists, languages ​​that have a common origin and background are in the same group and influence each other, this is inevitable. Persian and Russian languages, as two Slavic languages ​​that have a common background, are not exempt from this rule. Each language has a certain number of terms and proverbs that give it a special flavor. Correctly using proverbs is also an art, it should be used at the right time and place. Because its inappropriate use may be considered teasing, which causes misunderstanding. In this article, in order to understand the culture of the nations of Iran and Russia, the conceptualization of the word "ear" in proverbs will be carried out, and about 50 cases have been examined. Our goal is to explain and get to know more about the cultures so that we can use them to strengthen the relations between the two countries and learn the two languages ​​better. Translation of proverbs and finding equivalence in two languages ​​as a part of language and culture plays a significant role in establishing communication, and ignoring the cultural aspects of the body of words in finding equivalence can reduce the scientific and cultural values ​​of proverbs. Poets also use similes in their poems for a better understanding of mystical, social, and moral issues. At the end of this article, we have given Persian poems that contain Persian proverbs containing the word (ear).
Extended Abstract:
Introduction
Culture plays a central role in Persian language education for language learners who come from different countries and with different cultures. In order to achieve their goals and meet their daily needs, language learners must communicate with the people of the target language community. In fact, culture is a unique form of expression of people of different nationalities and a bond between people. National cultures are different in some areas and involve problems in interacting with each other. The value of cultural differences lies in the fact that they lead to the enrichment of human intelligence and behavior and respect for cultural traditions. In the modern world, a person interested in intercultural communication and its effectiveness can help with an idea of the world's cultural diversity, which represents the distinctive and characteristic features of a particular culture. The value of national culture is determined according to the importance and demand of cultural and linguistic baggage in fixed language forms, which are preserved in the historical memory of the national soul due to the function of the word. In our memory, it is a container for storing spiritual experience in the path of knowing the truth in the concepts that make up the conceptual field of the image of the world. And in it is accumulated the genetic link of culture and language that receives the fixation of the dictionary. Language, as one of the components of culture, is inextricably linked with the awareness of society's life, and is the most important means of human communication. However, the original culture of the learners may conflict with the culture of the target society and lead to misunderstanding. To overcome this obstacle, language learners must familiarize themselves with the target culture. Considering the relationship between culture and language, referring to the structures and expressions in language and culture, the concept of "culturalization" can be proposed.
Methodology
This research is of a library type and has been conducted and compiled using library resources. Cultural conceptualizations show the worldview of a linguistic community towards phenomena. Examining cultural conceptualizations resolves cultural misunderstandings and facilitates and improves intercultural interactions and communications. The tool of this research is the culture of proverbs and proverbs and rulings and poems of great poets of Iran, which has been analyzed in two languages, Persian and Russian. Translation of proverbs and finding equivalence in two languages as a part of language and culture plays a significant role in establishing communication, and ignoring the cultural aspects of the body of words in finding equivalence can reduce the scientific and cultural values of proverbs. Poets also use similes in their poems to better understand mystical, social, and moral issues. The current research has investigated one of the most frequent culturalizations of the word "gosh" based on the "culturalization analysis model", applied and qualitative. In doing this work, 43 proverbs related to the word "listen" and also the poems in which these proverbs are used have been examined.
Results
Poetry and proverbs are next to each other, and proverbs are closer to poetry and eloquent prose. Poets use proverbs in their poems to convey their words. Perhaps many proverbs have become popular among people from the poems of our dear poets, that is, many famous poems have become proverbs. Some of the proverbs are rhythmic or have syllabic weight, which is the reason for their persistence. Therefore, it is better to use the poems of our great poets in teaching proverbs, so that in addition to eloquence and eloquence, we can also remember our own poets and tell the content and theme that caused it to students. Persian and Russian languages are Indo-European languages that have many linguistic and cultural commonalities. We can use these similarities to improve language learning and relations between the two countries and facilitate language learning. It seems that the cultures found in proverbs and poems are rich and suitable resources for teaching culture to non-Persian language learners. Proverbs have many cultural, social, and educational points that have an outstanding educational aspect for non-Persian speakers. In fact, it is necessary to learn Persian proverbs and include them in educational texts.Learning through the "culture analysis model" helps learners achieve educational goals in various aspects of the Persian language, especially culture. In addition, cultural conceptualization will not only have a significant impact on improving the quality of translation, but also has a significant role in inducing the concepts and ideas of each language. The correct and appropriate use of terms and proverbs gives our speech a unique originality, special expression and illustration and accuracy. In general, it can be said that paying attention to the category of cultural conceptualization leads to a correct understanding of the world of meaning and language and providing appropriate translation. For this reason, the translator must transfer the concepts according to the culture and worldview of the target language. The findings show that language learners may have problems when learning the differences and correspondences of linguistic concepts with their mother tongue, and teachers can facilitate learning by being aware of these differences and correspondences. Because language learners have limited background knowledge, they may have problems in understanding them.But by guiding the basic methodological principles from easy to difficult, from known to unknown, from simple to complex, the initial stages of education can be started. Also, when working on cultural-cognitive units, we can invite learners to compare expressions of other languages with expressions of their mother tongue, which are similar in meaning.
Conclusion
Language, as one of the components of culture, is inextricably linked with the awareness of society's life, and is the most important means of human communication. Understanding culture helps students understand themselves better, immerse themselves in the culture of their people, and master their language, customs, and values. Language, the main carrier of students' culture and vocabulary, can be an indicator of increasing their culture. Using the present research, we found that there is a close relationship between language and culture, and cultural conceptualizations have a significant impact on our understanding of language and cultural-cognitive linguistics. The relationship between language and culture is effective and useful in improving the communicative and pragmatic level of different cultural groups. Learning a foreign language is always accompanied by understanding national realities such as customs, beliefs and history. Cognitive culture units in the strict sense of the word always indirectly reflect the views of people, social system and ideology of the era. . The present study aims to discuss the meaning of each of these proverbs and how to translate it equally or unequally. Therefore, the translation that is considered to convey the meaning must be in accordance with the culture of the target language. Teaching a language without familiarizing the student with the culture of its people is unthinkable. That is why a linguistic-cultural approach to learning is confirmed in the modern school, where a person is considered as a carrier of national psychology, national personality, national self-awareness.
Conflict of Interest
Has no conflict of interest